Light waves, which have been found to exhibit characteristics of particles, behave in certain ways that we can observe by experimentation. Wave pulses can also be generated by shaking a stretched spring along the direction of its length. Internal waves and mean flow in the presence of topography. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia. Christiaan huygens, thomas young, augustin jean fresnel, franaois arago created date. Many key areas of physics, mathematics and chemistry are best described by waves and their interactions. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. This course will focus on waves and the interaction of light and matter as described with optics and quantum mechanics physics and astrophysics are really awesome. From source to detector sound from an instrument to ear cell phone to cell tower and vice versa em waves water waves a disturbance in the water moves outward. There are several sections in this book on interference phenomena and light. This type of waves is categorised as transverse waves. Waves revision for the new aqa physics spec also good for. Waves on string and spring, waves on water surface, sound waves, seismic waves.
In order to observe the wave behavior of light, the slit size and separation should be comparable or smaller than the wavelength of light. Christian huygens proposed that light travelled as waves. Walls attenuate radio wave propagation by an amount that varies with the. Physics 1c is the third quarter of a threequarter introductory physics sequence geared toward students majoring in the life sciences.
The text is designed for upperlevel undergraduate students with a physics background. Enclosed light tight chamber light detector film or photo cells lens combination to focus the image on the film or photo cells. Phase differences between light waves can produce visible interference effects. In 1887, the german physicist heinrich hertz first demonstrated the existence of electromagnetic waves by building an apparatus to produce and detect radio waves. For example, in mechanical waves waves on a string, water waves, sound waves small sections of the medium the string, the water, the air vibrate to and fro, but there is no net flow of material from one end of the medium to the other. This physics textbook is designed to support my personal teaching activities at duke university, in particular teaching its physics 141142, 151152, or 161162 series introduc tory physics for life science majors, engineers, or potential physics majors, respectively. Rays d radio waves, ir radiation, visible light, uv radiation, xrays. Identify how each of the following situations involves waves. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves. Ans i when the spring is pulled sideway, the kink moves at 900 to the length of the. Electromagnetic waves are ultimately produced by an accelerating charge.
Unit test sph3u grade 11 physics waves and sound length of pipe. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. Assume that the lines are the crests of the waves and the dotted lines between the lines are the. A sinusoidal wave of frequency 500 hz has a speed of 350 ms. It took more then 20 years to demonstrate that maxwell was right. Light ranges in wavelength from 400 nm on the violet end to 700 nm on the red end of the visible spectrum. I am using these with year 9 who have started the draft aqa physics spec.
Mechanical wave longitudinal wave and transverse wave. Talking about sound and music music, waves, physics openstax. This radiationlight can be thought of as both a wave and a particle. Additional resources product specific user guides, programming documents, etc 308. In the same way that ocean waves are made of ocean water, sound waves. There is no evidence for a material substance nature. The motion of a particle in the wave is parallel to the motion of the pulse. Choose from 500 different sets of light waves physical science flashcards on quizlet. An empirical study on a learning path on wave physics.
Huygens put forward his wave theory according to which light energy propagated in the form of wave, with the help of wave theory he could successfully explain the phenomenon of reflection and refraction, interference and diffraction all. Therefore, cause is defined as force and effect is defined as change of velocity. Since it classically is described by a wave but necessarily has particlelike properties. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. Constructive and destructive interference in terms of phase between two waves. While it does not require a background in physics to understand, it is assumed that the reader has at least high school level linear algebra, calculus, and trigonometry. This lecture is from mullers new book physics and technology for future. Period t is the time for one complete oscillation of. Encounter waves in many situations speech and hearing rely on wave propagation. It is simpler to visualize a wave by drawing the wave fronts, which are usually taken to be the crests of the wave. We deal with both normal and nonnormal angles of incidence.
Newtons laws of motion allen physics particle kinematics allen physics practical physics allen physics rotational motion allen physics temperature scales allen physics wave theory allen physics work energy allen physics this website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free. Pdf files are smaller, word or pdf files have the nicest formatting. Light wave will suffer from the following effects reflection. The waves seen eminating from the center are due to quantum mechanical wavefunctions of the surface electrons forced into circular states by the arrangement of the fe atoms. It is observed that the circular waves have smaller crests than the plane waves passing through the middle. Millimeter waves, the next region down from infrared, are usually considered as radiowaves as opposed to light waves. Topics covered include re ection and transmission at boundaries, dispersion, polarization e ects, di raction, coherence, ray optics and imaging, the propagation of light in matter, and the quantum nature of light. Motion of the wave s energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. Longitudinal waves two different motions to describe in a wave. Bungy jumping is an increasingly popular sport, with a growing clientele of.
Dec 16, 2015 on this page you can read or download wave theory of light 12th physics pdf taget publications in pdf format. Dec 16, 2015 syllabus for b sc general in physics the. In both signal processing and theoretical physics, it is usually more comfortable. The nature of light as a wave a small disturbance in an electric field creates a small magnetic field, which in turn creates a small electric field, and so on light propagates itself by its bootstraps. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. C radio waves, uv radiation, visible light, ir radiation, xrays. Phys 201 lecture 18 wave theory of light open yale. Download and copy these pdf files as handouts for your class. If youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. Light waves vce the question of what is light was a matter of great debate during the 17th and 18th century.
Sir isaac newton believed that light was a stream of particles. When light wave travel through a medium if there is a bloking object that has a height greater than the wavelength of light wave. Maxima and minima are produced when the path difference between waves is a. A large fraction of all physical situations involve periodic or oscillatory behavior motion of the planets stable mechanical systems electrical systems fundamental forces periodic motion in continuous media wave propagation electromagnetic radiation.
Workshop tutorials for biological and environmental physics wr1b. Learn light waves physical science with free interactive flashcards. Light waves can interfere with other light waves, canceling or amplifying them. They are all electromagnetic, though, and the naming convention is secondary to the physics. Notice that the lengths of the wavefronts passing through the gap get wider.
Waves must travel in a medium with one important exception. Energy transport is another relevant topic in wave physics. Traveling waves waves propagate from one place to another. When two waves of exactly same frequency coming from two coherent sources travels in a medium, in the same direction simultaneously then due to their superposition, at some points intensity of light is maximum while at some other points intensity is minimum. Mechanical vibrations and waves, simple harmonic motion, superposition, forced vibrations and resonance, coupled oscillations and normal modes, vibrations of continuous systems, reflection and refraction, phase and group velocity, optics, wave solutions to maxwells equations, polarization, snells law. Although light waves propagate through space, there is no physical movement. An introduction to applied physics pdf an introduction to applied physics pdf are you looking for ebook an introduction to applied physics pdf. Electromagnetic waves are the only type of wave that do not require a medium at all. Oscillations and waves why study oscillations and waves. The waves which do not require medium for their propagation are called non mechanical or electromagnetic waves.
Here is the access download page of an introduction to applied physics pdf, click this link to download or read online. The description of wave phenomena in physics involves fundamental concepts that are difficult for. Motion of the wave s energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves. Water waves at a gap as the gap enlarges, the two edges act as centres for circular waves. Xrays, the next region up from ultraviolet, are usually considered as high energy radiation, as opposed to light waves. Displacement is the distance of a particle of the wave from its equilibrium position at any particular time amplitude a is the maximum displacement of a particle of the wave from its equilibrium position. You will be glad to know that right now an introduction to applied physics pdf is available on our online library. Light waves diffract in the same manner that waves diffract when they collide with an object. Types of waves 2types of waves 2 plane waves propagation direction w plane waves have a propagation direction and therefore plane wave fronts e. Oct 27, 2016 this is the physics of light in motion. They also undergo interference when passing through or reflecting against objects of different mediums. Light wave being reflected back to the medium it comes from and can create interference with other wave in the medium refraction.
Generally the term light refers to the range of energys we can see, but across all energy ranges electromagnetic radiation or just radiation is a better term. This chapter uses simple and fun videos that are about five. Plot a graph with displacement on the vertical axis and time on. Modern telecommunications networks such as mobile phones rely on waves. That said, im going to keep calling it light because its easier. Physics of oscillations and waves with use of matlab and python. On this page you can read or download wave theory of light 12th physics pdf taget publications in pdf format. Interference is described using real and complex numbers in anticipation of quantum mechanics. Traveling waves appear only after a thorough exploration of onedimensional standing waves. This new theory is also limited to this mechanical approach to interpreting the operation of the universe.
Light, reflection, and color characteristics of light light is an electromagnetic wave. Advanced placement physics waves and optics energy. Something must be vibrating oscillating in order to create a wave. With our online resources, you can find an introduction to applied physics. The electromagnetic spectrum the wave speed equation transverse and longitudinal waves wave. Draw the resulting wave patterns developed using concentric circles around the 2 points of impact. In transverse waves the vibration of the particles is at right angles to the direction of energy transport. Motion of the waves energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. Unit test sph3u grade 11 physics waves and sound v 2hz 83. A wave is a disturbance, which propagates energy from one place to the other without the transportation of matter. As shown below, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave consisting of mutually perpendicular oscillating electric and magnetic fields. There is a flow of energy carried by the wave, and that is lost as a.
Wednesday, february 22 department of physics and astronomy. Light, heat infrared, radio waves, rays, xrays etc. Read from lesson 2 of the waves chapter at the physics classroom. I hope to emphasize that the physics of standing waves is the same. Wave theory of light 12th physics pdf taget publications. A water wave is an example of a surface wave, which is a combination of transverse and longitudinal wave motions.
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